A good exercise session can be achieved at home without any equipment but a few simple things can really enhance a circuit and make it more fun and enjoyable. Without big investment, try adding things like... -Chairs -Cans & bottles as weights -Balls, tennis balls etc... -Stairs Some additional kit at a small expense: -Dumbbells -Resistance bands - Looped -Standard -Exercise bands -Medicine balls -Bosu balls -Balancing boards/cushions (*See links on website for reliable kit) Some more expensive (but worthwhile) investments that may interest some: -Static bike -X-trainer -Rower Remember, the aim of our exercise classes is to attain 30+ minutes of moderate exertion, these are by nature large rhythmic movements that encourage the heart rate up towards safe and effective levels and for the most part are full-body movements. You can absolutely manage an effective session without a large investment and if you visit the exercise tab on the site there are some examples of 50-60 minute circuits that do just this! ATBGO

- Is the room well ventilated? Is it cool? - Temperatures should be between 18-23 degrees... this is not always possible so consider reducing difficulty / water breaks. - Clear a space either side of you (no clutter) - Have you taken all your medications in the past 24hrs? - Have you got your Inhalers (reliever sprays/GTNs nearby if prescribed? -Is there a telephone nearby or to hand, or is there someone with you? - Are you well? Have you had diarrhoea , had a temperature or have you been sick in the past 24hrs? Skip a moderate-strenuous exercise bout until you feel better. - Are you taking anti-biotics (abx)? If it is for a current infection i.e. UTI or lung infection (oral medications) refrain from exercise until you finish your course. In the mean-time keep sedentary time under control just don't strain yourself. -Ointments, topical creams / long term small dose abx potentially ok to exercise, mention to instructor. -If you are diabetic (taking medication aside from Metformin, such as insulin or gliclazide?), if so, have you checked you Blood Glucose (BG)? When exercising you should have some sugar to hand, a biscuit or a sweet drink in case you feel your blood glucose is dropping and you are experiencing a hypo. If you feel your Blood Glucose is not stable this should be raised to your GP and your exercise instructor should know. -If you have by chance taken your Blood Pressure (BP) before a class (maybe because you have been poorly of late) you should not exercise if it shows either 180+ / 100+ (Systolic(top number) / Diastolic(bottom number)) as well as a Heart Rate >100bpm. Let your GP or your exercise instructor know. ATBGO

If you have attended and completed an 8 week program provided by the NHS, you will recognise this as something very similar. Self pacing is key. In your first session you should work well within your ability and get comfortable in a new environment. ​ For those who have been referred by a GP I understand that the first class may bring with it some anxiety, that is completely understandable. Rest assured everyone is very friendly and we're all here to work within our limits. Please remember that everyone who attends Phase IV Cardiac Rehabilitation classes have experienced similar heart related set backs too. The structure of the classes are designed for our safety whilst allowing us to push ourselves up to an appropriate level. Approach slowly and gauge how you feel, if ever unsure return to a slow march on the spot and join in when you feel comfortable. ​ What are the signs that I am doing too much? ​ -Light headedness and dizzy -Difficulty breathing -Any chest pain [1] ​ I ask that everyone brings with them to class, relevant medications such as GTN sprays/tablets and inhalers for asthma or COPD if they have them. Be assured that your GP or Phase III clinician will have only signed you off to partake in an exercise class if he or she felt you were ready and suitable. Part of my role too is to risk stratify, so if there are any issues we can discuss beforehand. Your safety and comfort is the priority. ​ Please get in touch if you do have any concerns. ​ Reference: 1. The British Heart Foundation (BHF), Heart Matters Magazine, Summer Edition, 2019

Firstly, you do not have to head straight back to your local health club or gym to improve your fitness. After an event and whilst in recovery we can become de-conditioned. It is likely that levels we were managing before will be more challenging now. Be patient with yourself, new medications and procedures may mean it is necessary to slightly alter your approach to activity. Remember the government advice is generally 150 minutes of "moderate" activity a week [1]. Do not feel obliged to reach at least 10-20 minute bouts, any amount will be beneficial [1], especially at the start of your rehabilitation. Anything from: -Walking -Shopping -Cleaning -Cooking -Gardening [2] ​ All activities tend to have a MET value associated with them, this can be a reference to you if you have just "graduated" from a Phase III program. Check your discharge letter you may see this value described (MET). It can help guide you towards the levels of exertion that may be appropriate for you. ​ Of course if you supplement your week with an hours cardiac rehabilitation class, this will go some way to hitting those guidelines. ​ Exercise has a dose response effect, generally the more you do (so long as you are not over exerting) the better it is for your health and fitness.[1] ​ References: 1. Department of Health & Social Care, (2019). UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines. ​ 2. British Heart Foundation Heart Matters, BHF, Summer Addition, 2019

Stretches should be introduced to your weekly regime at least twice but ideally most days. As we get older we are all susceptible to adaptive shortening of the muscles which leads to a loss in our ranges of motion. This in turn can lead to discomfort and injury. If you have had a CABG or Valve replacement it is important to stretch out your pectoral muscles (chest). People who have had these procedures are prone to role their shoulders slightly leading to a compromised posture [1]. ​ The advice on stretching from the British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) is: - 2-7 days a week - Hold for 15-30 seconds x 2-4 reps - Static stretching ​ Always be slightly warmed before statically stretching otherwise you run the risk of pulling a muscle. Don't just save these stretches for an exercise class, they can be done all days. There is a vast array of stretches we can complete, some of which are available on the site. ​ There is some suggestion that some light stretches before bed time can aide sleeping which is always welcome, maybe a new 5 minute routine before your z's is something to consider? ​ Lastly, try not to hold your breath when holding a stretch - easily done, breath! ​ Reference: 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Exercise Programming and Prescription, Fourth Edition, London

I am a fully certified Cardiac Rehabilitation Instructor. Although I work as a fitness instructor too I have specialised in the approach to exercise suitable for people in secondary prevention. That is, anyone who has been diagnosed with Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). There are fundamental differences in the general approach for this demographic which aim to get the biggest gains from an exercise class coupled with the lowest risk. ​ Despite this structure we can keep classes interesting by alternating exercises within the structure. I make a point of including some good static stretches, balance exercises, and resistance training during a class. This way everyone is well on their way to achieving weekly targets in each area. Any questions or concerns, get in touch and I will be happy to discuss.

Yes. It's even more important for those in cardiac rehab! Before a structured bout of exercise I recommend that you spend 15 - 20 minutes working through a progressive warm up. This should include: -mobility activities -pulse raising - static/slow full range moving stretches. +Movement on all planes of motion, gently testing balance and co-ordination ​ In the warm up we aim to perfuse our working muscles, heart and lungs with blood, warm the skeletal muscles and increase their flexibility. A good warm up achieves this by: -Dilation of the blood vessels -Increasing noradrenaline -Increase cardiac output and aortic pressure helping perfuse the cardiac muscle. [1]. ​ All of these mecahnisms reduce the chances of the onset of angina and ischaemia. [1]. ​ A good warm up and cool down are two of the fundamental approaches to cardiac rehabilitation that help to keep the sessions safe and enjoyable. Don't skip them out! References: 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Exercise Programming and Prescription, Fourth Edition, London

Short answer, yes. ​ Progressive cool downs are a hugely important part of a cardiac rehabilitation exercise class. It helps to activate the parasympathetic system and to slowly reduce the amount of circulating catecholamines (Adrenaline and noradrenaline) in your system. This will encourage a redistribution of blood to your vital organs from your well worked skeletal muscles. ​ It is important to keep your lower body moving at this stage of a class as it acts as a pump helping to push blood back up from your lower body. A good 10 minute cool down helps to prevent: -feelings of dizziness -hypo-tension -onset of any irregularities in your heart rate. [1]. ​ This period of a class is also a very good opportunity to take some minutes to relax. Be conscious that as we get older our heart rates take slightly longer to return to a resting state too. It is not a bad idea to continue movement in your feet and lower legs for a small duration post session especially if you are still feeling warm or breathing heavier than normal at rest. ​ Finally, acknowledge that you have just completed a challenging work out, feel good. ​ Reference: 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Exercise Programming and Prescription, Fourth Edition, London

Resistance training is a key part of our classes. We should be targeting at least two bouts per week alongside our 3+cardio workouts a week. ​ These sessions would help to: - Increase lean muscle, associated with better health. - Increase bone density - Improve memory, reaction time, and proprioception. - Improve the regulation of blood glucose. - Increase Basal Metabolic Rate. A big win for weight loss. [1] ​ "The value to older adults of activities which improve strength, balance, and flexibility cannot be overstated." [1] ​ "Older adults should maintain or improve their physical function by undertaking activities aimed at improving or maintaining muscle strength, balance, and flexibility on at least two days a week. These could be combined with sessions involving moderate aerobic activity or could be additional sessions aimed specifically at these components of fitness [1]. Resistance exercises can be completed in a smaller time frame if you are limited for time, just set aside 5 minutes with the intention to complete at least two sets. See the link below to find further advise specifically on resistance training and beyond that, gym training from the ACPICR ​ https://www.acpicr.com/publications/patient-leaflets/ (Click patient leaflets to find the appropriate information sheet for you!) ​ "Active Recovery" (AR) is slightly different to resistance exercise, mainly due to demand or difficulty. The "resistance" exercises we do in the cardio classes are with very light weights and are of little benefit to our strength - more endurance and mobility. When completing "resistance" training - these same exercises can be repeated, for example a bicep curl but the weight can be increased to a point that you can still lift at least 10 repetitions and you can maintain good form and steady breathing. Always keep feet moving even when just doing a short resistance circuit, same mechanism at work. Reference: 1. Department of Health and Social Work, (2019). UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines. ATBGO

Maybe you have heard that you should target 150 minutes of moderate activity a week by now. ​ What are the benefits? "In general, the more time spent being physically active, the greater the health benefits" [1]. ​ Physical Inactivity is a modifiable risk factor to CHD. Training favourably alters most of the modifiable risk factors [2]. -Blood pressure is reduced -Total cholesterol is reduced and a better balance between HDLs and LDLs (this is further enhanced with weight loss and a reduction in body fat %) -Glucose metabolism is improved with an increased sensitivity to insulin. - Reduction in platelet "stickiness" - Improved Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) with an increase in lean muscle [2]. -- For those that attend phase III or phase IV classes or have in the past you'll be familiar with the 15:25-35:10 minutes split between warm-up:conditioning phase:cool-down. The conditioning phase makes up part of the 150 minutes per week that is suggested. This approach should be adopted where possible into all modalities of aerobic structured exercise, including: -Walking -Jogging -Cycling -Rowing -X-training -Swimming (Build up your fitness and confidence before returning to swimming. etc... So long as all can be achieved at a mostly "moderate", "conversational" pace ​ *Cycling and Swimming - if you are in the first 12 weeks of recovery from a bypass or valve surgery we recommend holding off on a return to these two activities due to potential inferction to the wound and a chance fall if on your outdoor bike which could upset the healing process. ​ If you cannot achieve this level - not to despair. Simply reducing sedentary time or breaking up rest periods with small tasks can go some way to reducing inactivity as a risk factor for you... ​ "Prolonged sitting is harmful even in people who acheive the recommended levels of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA)" [1] References: 1. Department of Health and Social Work, (2019). UK Chief Medical Officers' Physical Activity Guidelines. 2. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease, Fourth Edition, London ATBGO

Exercise can have a big positive effect on our mental health. Any amount of exercise can bring benefits to our body and mind. Don't feel like you have to achieve 150 minutes, at least not at first. Something as simple as a nice walk in the fresh air can lift the spirits too. Beyond exercise, mixing and socialising with friends & family also has a great effect on us, we are a social animal after all, even if we sometimes don't feel like it! If you are feeling a little blue and lost for ideas, there is support so please reach out and don't deal with it alone. But please try that walk or run or any other physical activity for 20-30 minutes when you're feeling that way - It can have a surprising effect. ​ https://www.cpft.nhs.uk/services/pws/psychological-wellbeing-service.htm Follow this link for more information. If you have any questions or doubts please get in touch and we can discuss further. ​ Below are more links and numbers available for support listed from Heart Matters Magazine, British Heart Foundation. ​ Online community - healthunlocked.com/bhf ​ Local Heart Support Group - bhf.org.uk/heartsupport (0300 330 3300) ​ Finally, a related article. bhf.org.uk/getsupport ​ Aside from physical activity, something I have found useful is putting my phone/tablet out of reach for a period in the day - we are now inundated with social media and even work emails when we needn't be. Cook, read a book, call a friend, or that walk - all I would suggest are better than scrolling endlessly into the social media abyss...

High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) training is something that is not really approached in a mixed circuits class for Cardiac Rehabilitation. ​ High Intensity Interval Training has been shown to have some positive effects on the health status of some cardiac individuals [1]. I do not currently run this type of group exercise class for individuals in secondary prevention. In years to come it may be something that is prescribed for particular patients, but until there is more literature and proof that it is safe, my classes will not include this method of training as a standard. ​ However, on a one to one basis it is something to consider and would need to be very individualised structured training. For those people who are frequently active, attend gyms and go to spin classes or belong to bike clubs and cycle hours on end up and down hills it may be more appropriate. Using heart rate zones can be useful to see where your training sits and how you're feeling or "perceiving" the exertions. ​ If this is something that you have a big interest in I suggest that you contact your primary care cardiac rehabilitation or GP before starting and ask your suitability to it. Generally moderate exertion is what health professionals are happy to "sign off" with as it relates to a risk / reward scale, why would some push excessively, potentially increasing the risk for only potentially slightly higher rewards? It comes down to the person, their desires and motivations - the choice is ultimately yours. Be aware that many HIIT classes run by gyms or on-line sometimes skip the extended 15 minute warm up, and 10 minute cool down. I would say if you are going to push to this level always try to give yourself some time for these two fundamental parts of a planned workout, I would not compromise here. Always self pace and if you have a GTN spray you should have it with you as a standard when exercising. ​ References: ​ 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Exercise Programming and Prescription, Fourth Edition, London ATBGO

When it comes to traveling after a heart attack or with established Coronary Heart Disease or Acute Coronary Syndrome, it is important to obtain travel insurance that provides adequate coverage. While some insurance companies may be hesitant to provide coverage, there are options available that specialize in offering travel insurance to those with heart conditions. One option is to use a comparison website such as Medical Travel Compared or AllClear Travel Insurance. These websites allow you to compare policies from multiple insurance providers, with the option to filter results by medical condition. Another option is to directly contact insurance providers that specialize in covering pre-existing medical conditions. Some companies that offer travel insurance for those with heart conditions include: -Staysure Travel Insurance -Saga Travel Insurance -Goodtogoinsurance.com -Freedom Travel Insurance -Avanti Travel Insurance InsureandGo *It is important to disclose all medical conditions and medications to the insurance provider when obtaining a quote, as failure to do so may invalidate the policy. Additionally, it is recommended to speak with your healthcare provider before traveling to ensure that it is safe to do so. ATBGO

The rehabilitation pathway for patients who have had a heart attack followed by a stent procedure typically involves three steps: Step 1: Inpatient Rehabilitation This phase involves rehabilitation during hospitalization following a heart attack and stent procedure. During this phase, patients will undergo various tests and scans to assess their current condition and identify any risk factors. Exercise will be prescribed according to the patient's individual needs and capabilities. Step 2: Outpatient (Phase III) Rehabilitation This phase starts after discharge from the hospital and typically lasts for 6-8 weeks. During this phase, patients attend outpatient rehabilitation sessions where they receive education, counseling, and supervised exercise. The exercise program is designed to improve cardiovascular fitness, strength, and endurance. Step 3: Long term (Phase IV) Rehabilitation (This is generally a paid for service post-discharge) This phase is optional and lasts as long as the patient desires. It involves ongoing exercise and support to help you maintain a healthy lifestyle and prevent future heart problems. Your exercise prescription will be tailored to your individual needs and abilities, and may include aerobic exercise, strength training, and stretching. You will also receive guidance on nutrition, stress management, and other lifestyle factors. Overall, cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive program aimed at improving your physical and emotional well-being after a heart attack and stent procedure. Our team at And The Beat Goes On is here to support you every step of the way. ATBGO

There are three main types of pacemaker codes: single-chamber pacemakers (SC), dual-chamber pacemakers (DC), and biventricular pacemakers (BIV). Each code refers to the type of pacemaker and the number of chambers that it operates in. Single-chamber pacemakers (SC) are designed to maintain the rhythm of the heart's upper chamber, or atrium. They are indicated for patients who have a normal functioning lower chamber, or ventricle. Dual-chamber pacemakers (DC) maintain the rhythm of both the upper and lower chambers of the heart. They are used in patients who have a slow or irregular heartbeat in both chambers. Biventricular pacemakers (BIV) are indicated for patients who have heart failure with a slow or irregular heartbeat in both chambers. These pacemakers work to coordinate the contractions of both ventricles to improve the heart's pumping function. ATBGO

Age is not a factor in determining eligibility for cardiac rehabilitation. In fact, cardiac rehabilitation can be beneficial for older adults who have experienced a heart event or have heart disease. A program is tailored to meet the needs of each individual, regardless of age. Before starting cardiac rehabilitation, you will undergo a thorough evaluation by a team of healthcare professionals to determine if it is safe for you to participate. We will work with you to create a personalized exercise plan that is appropriate for your level of fitness and health status. Our program also includes education on heart-healthy lifestyle changes, stress management, and nutrition. Don't let age be a barrier to improving your heart health. If you have recently finished a phase III hospital program and wish to continue on your rehabilitation journey please contact us today to learn more about our phase IV cardiac rehabilitation programs and one to one options. ATBGO

According to research, adding structured exercise to your lifestyle post heart attack can lower the risk of a secondary heart event by up to 35%. Exercise can help improve heart function, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol levels, and improve overall cardiovascular health. Adding regular exercise to your lifestyle is an important step in reducing your risk of future heart events and improving your overall health and well-being. ATBGO

Heart failure is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests. Some of the common diagnostic tests for heart failure include: - Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create an image of the heart, which can help doctors assess its size, shape, and function. - Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can help doctors detect any abnormalities. - Stress test: This test involves exercising on a treadmill or stationary bike while being monitored with an ECG, and can help doctors assess how well the heart is functioning under stress. - Blood tests: These tests can help doctors assess the levels of certain substances in the blood that can indicate heart failure, such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). If you are experiencing symptoms of heart failure, such as shortness of breath, fatigue, or swelling in the legs, it is important to talk to your doctor as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve your chances of managing the condition and improving your quality of life. ATBGO

There are several modifiable risk factors associated with coronary heart disease, including: 1. High blood pressure 2. High cholesterol levels 3. Smoking 4. Physical inactivity 5. Obesity or overweight 6. Diabetes *Stress (indirect risk factor) Modifiable means we can do something about it, what on the list above is the low hanging fruit for you? Hypertensive? Exercise, reduce alcohol and salt in diet. Hypercholesteraemic? Medications, exercise and diet (remove saturated fats and cholesterol where possible). Smoking? "The message is clear, if the choice is between smoking and vaping, choose vaping. If the choice is between vaping and fresh air, choose fresh air" - Dr Jeanelle DeGruchy, Deputy Chief Medical Officer for England. Physically inactive? Try to achieve 150 minutes of "moderate" exertion each week. Any modality, walking, swimming, cycling, jogging circuit classes at home (via internet) or face to face group classes. Work to a level that you can describe as "comfortably uncomfortable" and is a "conversational" pace. Walking normally offers the best and easiest introduction. Obesity or Overweight? Discuss diet with a dietician, GP's and/or cardiac rehab programs should be able to direct you to the right service. Increase activity levels. Reduce sedentary time. Choose walking and cycling over car journeys. Can you increase activity during a commute? Diabetes? Medications, dietary choices and activity levels all play a key role and services are available to support you. Start out with your GP or rehabilitation service. ATBGO

Coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. This plaque build-up can cause the arteries to narrow and harden, making it difficult for blood to flow to the heart. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack, and other serious complications. Risk factors for coronary heart disease include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of heart disease. At And The Beat Goes On, our cardiac rehabilitation program is designed to help patients manage their coronary heart disease and improve their heart health through exercise, education and support.

METs (Metabolic Equivalents) is the measure of an individual's functional capacity or how much energy they can expend during physical activity. It is a unit of measurement used in cardiac rehabilitation to gauge a patient's progress as they work towards improving their cardiovascular fitness. To increase your functional capacity, you must gradually increase the intensity and duration of your exercise routine. This can be achieved by participating in a structured cardiac rehabilitation program that includes a variety of aerobic and resistance exercises tailored to your specific needs and abilities. It's essential to work closely with your healthcare team to ensure that you're progressing safely and effectively and to monitor any potential side effects or complications. In addition to exercise, lifestyle modifications such as a heart-healthy diet, stress management, and smoking cessation can also contribute to improving your functional capacity and overall cardiovascular health. The BHF is a fantastic source of information for best management across the board. ATBGO

After a heart attack, it is important to gradually increase your physical activity and exercise level under the guidance of your healthcare provider. While some of your usual daily activities may be safe to continue, others may need to be modified or avoided altogether. Your healthcare provider will work with you to create a personalized plan that takes into account your individual needs and limitations. When you have a heart attack there can be significant damage for some, yet others will experience less trauma, this is relevant when prescribing exercise in your rehabilitation. The key message is that exercise is good and so long as it is approached carefully with a structure and to the right level there will be activities and exercises that are fine. If you have any questions about what activities are safe for you after a heart attack, please don't hesitate to reach out to us and we will try to advise. In the meantime take a read of these patient leaflets.. https://www.acpicr.com/publications/patient-leaflets/

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) can cause a range of complications that affect the heart's ability to function normally. Some of the potential complications associated with CAD include: 1. Chest pain or angina: Angina is a common symptom of CAD and is caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. 2. Heart attack: A heart attack occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. 3. Heart failure: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. 4. Arrhythmias: CAD can cause abnormal heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation, which can cause the heart to beat too fast or too slow. 5. Sudden cardiac death: In some cases, CAD can lead to sudden cardiac death, which occurs when the heart stops beating suddenly and unexpectedly. People who have CHD are taught how best to manage their CAD and reduce their risk of complications through personalized cardiac rehab programs that include exercise, nutrition counselling, and stress management techniques. There is more on risk factors within FAQs. Remember the British Heart Foundation (BHF) is a fantastic resource to gather information on risk factors, medications and conditions. ATBGO

Blood pressure is the force of blood against the walls of your arteries, and it's measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). The categories of blood pressure readings are as follows: - Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg - Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg *Established CHD patients asked to aim for 130/80 and below. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - Stage 1 hypertension: Systolic between 130-139 or diastolic between 80-89 mm Hg - Stage 2 hypertension: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg *Get in touch with your doctor if yours is frequently > 140/90 - Hypertensive crisis: Systolic > 180 and/or diastolic over 100 mm Hg. *Refrain from mod-strenuous exercise, speak with your doctor. Generally community based cardiac rehab classes would ask you not to exercise at this rate however in a clinical environment (e.g. hospital 220/110 mm /Hg Hypertensive means having high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. It's important to manage your blood pressure with lifestyle changes and/or medication to prevent complications. For someone with heart failure (HFrEF) who is medicated, a normal blood pressure reading may be lower than the standard normal range. Your healthcare provider will determine your target blood pressure based on your individual needs and condition. It's important to follow your medication regimen and monitor your blood pressure regularly to prevent complications and optimize your cardiac rehabilitation.

Stress management is an important aspect of cardiac rehabilitation and can greatly improve your overall wellbeing. Here are some techniques that could help you manage stress: 1. Deep breathing exercises 2. Meditation or mindfulness practices 3. Yoga or tai chi 4. Regular exercise 5. Getting enough sleep 6. Social support When looking for resources on the web, it is important to ensure that they are safe and certified. Here are some trusted websites that offer stress management resources: 1. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) 2. American Heart Association 3. Mayo Clinic 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 5. NHS 6. The British Heart Foundation (BHF) 7. The British Lung Foundation Remember to always consult with your healthcare provider before trying any new stress management techniques. ATBGO

Yes. Of course there are some considerations. Medications - some medications that will likely be lifelong can impact your mojo and this is something to discuss with your GP who will likely consider your options. Generally small medication changes can make a big difference here. Your event / procedure (if you had one). For valve surgery and bypasses a sternotomy is required, this is quite an invasive surgery that takes time to heal. 12 weeks is generally recommended before a great deal of exertion is applied to the area as there would have been some upset muscles and nerves from the procedure not to mention a rather large bone. This applies also to outdoor cycling and returning to the pool - let the area settle before you get back to your romancing. How long you have been inactive & current level of fitness. Believe it or not, sex does have its physical demands on us. Cardiac rehabilitation programs calculate your fitness in an initial appointments (assessment). They manage this by completing some observations and if deemed appropriate, after a thorough discussion, a sub-maximal functional capacity test will be prompted. We relay the results of this test to patients using METs (VO2/3.5) . Depending on your fitness level sex may just currently be too demanding for what we'd advise. That said a discrete discussion with your GP / health provider should help you understand if it is currently appropriate or not. Finally. A stable condition. This should be approached like any exercise bout you intend to do. If you are feeling symptomatic, unwell or have recently been sick or carrying an infection / taking anti-biotics it would be wise to not put further strain on your system - certainly not in the early weeks post event/procedure. A link to a METs compendium has been included below to help understand the demands of certain activities. https://cdn-links.lww.com/permalink/mss/a/mss_43_8_2011_06_13_ainsworth_202093_sdc1.pdf (Tip: hold Ctrl+F for a search bar to appear. Type your activity here). *If you have had an exercise assessment you should be able to locate your MET capacity in the summary. Any doubts ask your GP on this one. Don't be shy, they've heard and seen it all before. ATBGO

And The Beat Goes On started out as a specific set of cardiac rehabilitation exercise classes in a circuit environment. These classes are also referred to as phase IV or secondary prevention. They are suitable for those who have diagnosed Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (CAD/CHD/ACS) + other cardiac conditions. Classes are also appropriate for those with established Heart Failure (HF) and COPD. Class formats Virtual (via Zoom) - Suitable for all, but styled to be appropriate for those in the cardiac community, this does not mean they are easy by any stretch! Face to Face (in the community) One-to-one (Personal Training) Sub-maximal assessments available (Recommend annually to keep track of fitness, and key observations, keep track of trends). Resources Free and paid for recordings available via the ATBGO website: https://www.andthebeatgoeson.co.uk/exercise-library Latest relevant health articles and latest from ATBGO available via X (Formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/_ATBGO_ If you are interested in joining a class, virtual or face-to-face please get in touch via email: atbgo2018@gmail.com ATBGO

The answer to this question varies from person to person, and it is best to consult with your healthcare provider or physical therapist to determine the best course of action for your individual needs. In general, however, it is recommended to use a walking stick or aid as needed for support and stability, but to also incorporate exercises and activities that encourage your own sense of balance and strength. Gradually reducing your reliance on the aid as you regain strength and balance can be a beneficial goal to work towards, but it is important to prioritize safety and avoid falls or other injuries. Your healthcare team can provide guidance and support as you navigate your rehabilitation and recovery journey. ATBGO

Amiodarone is a anti-arrhythmic medication that can be prescribed for Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Sometime post-surgery a patient can experience some short-term AF. This requires treatment as AF can increase the risk of a stroke. If you have been told it can be stopped or you realise the medication does not appear on your next prescription it could be because your AF has now stopped. If this is the case it is worth keeping an eye on any irregularities with heart rhythm that you detect either by the feeling of a flutter in the chest, or if you spot it on a Blood Pressure (BP) measurement, many now have heart rhythm signals that alert if you have an irregular heart beat. This should be raised with your GP if you ever feel or frequently see it. *If any medication stops appearing on your prescription without your understanding please question at the GP or your pharmacist.

After a Myocardial Infarction (MI) or heart attack quite often a Percutanous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is used to resolve the blockage. This can be done of course before having a heart attack if a partial occlusion has been spotted early enough (usually identified from an angiogram after someone is presenting with angina). Both anti-platelet and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are two drugs that are typically prescribed. Both play very different roles. Clopidogrel & Ticagrelor are two commonly used anti-platelets that are taken for up to one year post PCI (stenting). For some these may be taken for longer periods. Alongside anti-platelets many patients will be also taking a small daily dose of aspirin, Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy (DAPT). The combination of these has been shown to consistently reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) - they essentially reduce the chances of a thrombosis. These medications can be quite heavy on the stomach so they are joined by drugs such as Omeprazole & Lansoprazole. Those who have experienced heart burn in the past may already be familiar with one or two of these types of drugs. These are taken to help reduce the risk of upper gastro-intestinal bleeds (UGIB). The balance of all your medications is an important one and should be followed as per guidelines. *An important note! It is generally advised that those who are taking clopidogrel should be not be taking omeprazole (or esomeprazole). If you find that you are taking both of these please raise to your pharmacist or your GP to double check this is purposeful. ATBGO

There are so many things that can help to better manage high cholesterol. For instance.. -improving your diet i.e. mediterranean and cardio-protective diets -increased levels of exercise - specifically structured moderate, -quitting smoking -losing weight Ultimately, even with a generally healthy lifestyle - if you have been prescribed statins on a diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) or Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) then medical management plays a key role in secondary prevention for best outcomes. Even if you feel that your cholesterol levels look somewhat improved or towards normal levels (maybe a recent full lipid profile) there is still good reason to take this specific medication. Statins reduce the likelihood of existing fatty plaques breaking off from the walls of your arteries and causing any potential heart attack or stroke. Please speak to your GP or primary health care provider before stopping any medication. ATBGO

INR stands for International Normalized Ratio and it is a measure of how long it takes for your blood to clot. Warfarin and other medications that fall into the category of anticoagulants or blood thinners work by making it harder for your blood to clot. This is beneficial for people who are at risk of developing blood clots, but it also means that there is a risk of bleeding. Your healthcare provider will prescribe a specific dose of Warfarin for you based on your individual needs. However, the effectiveness of Warfarin can vary depending on many factors such as your diet, other medications you may be taking, and even changes in your activity level. Regular monitoring of your INR is required to ensure that your Warfarin dose is appropriate for you and that you are not at risk of developing bleeding or clotting problems. ATBGO

Yes, feeling coldness in hands and feet is a common side effect of some cardiac medications. The three most common medications that cause this side effect are beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers and blood thinners. These medications work by slowing down your heart rate and relaxing the blood vessels in your body. However, this can cause the blood to flow less efficiently to your extremities, leading to coldness, tingling, and numbness. If you are experiencing discomfort due to this side effect, there are a few things you can do to ease it. Firstly, try to keep your hands and feet warm by wearing gloves, socks, and comfortable shoes. You can also try soaking your hands and feet in warm water or taking a warm bath to improve circulation. Additionally, talk to your doctor about your symptoms, as they may be able to adjust your medication or prescribe a different one that doesn't cause this side effect. It's important to communicate with your healthcare provider about any side effects you're experiencing, as they may be able to offer solutions to help you manage your symptoms. Please do not stop taking medications because of these side effects as there will likely be a safer solution. ATBGO

Warfarin is a blood-thinning medication commonly prescribed to prevent blood clots. It is important to be aware of certain foods and drinks that can interact with warfarin and affect its effectiveness. Foods that are high in vitamin K, such as leafy green vegetables (e.g. spinach, kale, broccoli), can counteract the effects of warfarin. While it is important to maintain a healthy diet, it is recommended to consume these foods in moderation and to maintain a consistent intake to avoid sudden changes in vitamin K levels. Alcohol can also interact with warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding. It is advised to limit alcohol intake and to avoid binge drinking. It is important to speak with your healthcare provider about any dietary restrictions or concerns related to warfarin. They can provide personalized guidance on managing your diet while taking this medication. ATBGO

Caffeine effects us all in different ways. For some, coffee jitters is something they have experienced after one of two caffeinated drinks. People in this category may just find that caffeine exacerbates some symptoms like palpitations [1]. There is nothing to suggest 4-5 cups a day increases the chances of developing CHD and for some, this amount is absolutely normal. ​ Remember that caffeine is present in snack bars, chocolate bars, hot chocolate, cola and energy drinks [1]. ​ If you do suffer with AF and you are a big tea or coffee drinker, try reducing your caffeine a little and see how you feel. Be aware that caffeine is also in green tea, as well as decaffeinated hot drinks in small amounts. ​ Reference: ​ 1. British Heart Foundation (BHF), Heart Matters Magazine, Summer Addition, 2019.

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VFib) are both types of irregular heart rhythms, but they occur in different parts of the heart. AFib occurs in the upper chambers of the heart (atria) and can cause symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. While it is not immediately life-threatening, if left untreated, AFib can increase the risk of stroke and heart failure. VFib, on the other hand, occurs in the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) and is a medical emergency. It can cause the heart to stop pumping blood effectively, leading to sudden cardiac arrest. Without immediate treatment, VFib can be fatal. In summary, while AFib can have serious long-term consequences if left untreated, VFib is more immediately dangerous and requires prompt medical attention. If you experience symptoms of either condition, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. ATBGO

Can I rely on heart rate readings when exercising if I have Atrial Fibrillation? People with Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) often have an irregular heartbeat, which can make it difficult to accurately measure their heart rate during exercise. While heart rate monitors can still be a useful tool for monitoring exercise intensity, they may not always provide reliable readings for those with AFib. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to monitor your exercise intensity, as they may recommend using other methods such as the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. This scale helps individuals rate their perceived level of exertion during exercise, based on how hard the activity feels to them. Additionally, it is important to listen to your body during exercise and not push yourself too hard. If you experience any symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness, stop exercising immediately and seek medical attention. At And The Beat Goes On we encourage safe and effective levels of exertion to help improve your cardiovascular health through our cardiac rehabilitation program. This can include heart rate monitors and the use of such tools as the RPE 6-20 scale. If you have any questions or concerns about exercise intensity or monitoring your heart rate with AFib, please don't hesitate to reach out to us. ATBGO

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a type of irregular heartbeat that affects millions of people worldwide. There are different types of AF, including: -Paroxysmal AF -Persistent AF -Long-standing persistent AF. Paroxysmal AF occurs when the heart rhythm returns to normal within 7 days, while persistent AF lasts more than 7 days and requires treatment to restore the normal rhythm. Long-standing persistent AF lasts longer than 12 months. If you have AF, it's important to talk to your healthcare provider about whether exercise is safe for you. In general, exercise is beneficial for people with AF, as it can help improve heart function, reduce symptoms, and prevent future heart problems. However, the type and intensity of exercise you can do may depend on the type of AF you have and your overall health status. Your healthcare provider can guide you on the appropriate exercise regimen for your individual needs. They may recommend low-impact activities such as walking, cycling, or swimming, or they may suggest a cardiac rehabilitation program like And The Beat Goes On, which offers supervised exercise to help you manage your AF and improve your overall heart health. It's important to follow your provider's guidance and listen to your body's signals during exercise to ensure your safety and well-being. *There is some research as of 2023 that suggests breathing techniques and yoga (including chair-based yoga) that suggests a reduction in AF symptoms if done in a structured manner. Medi - yoga may be an interesting first step for people wishing to explore a little more in this area. ATBGO

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Firstly, Yes. Some people may need to make a couple of slight modifications to some exercises, this can be worked on as we go. 1/3 women and 1/12 men over 50 have some level of osteoporosis. If this is something that has been highlighted as a risk for you please do bring it to my attention [1]. Secondly, exercise results in up to a 1% increase in bone density. This could result in a 10% reduction in the risk of a fracture, coupled with an improved balance and coordination from a class [1]. In general, cardiac rehabilitation group classes do not include high impact exercises or many twisting exercises. Within a class I show alternatives that could suit all levels and always encourage people to skip an exercise if they are unsure. Approach each exercise slowly and see if it works for you. ​ Reference: ​ 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Adapting Exercise for Particular Groups of Cardiac Clients, Fourth Edition, London

For individuals with osteoporosis, it is important to avoid high-impact exercises such as running, jumping, or anything that puts excessive stress on the bones. These types of movements can increase the risk of fractures. It is also important to avoid exercises that involve twisting or bending at the waist, as this can also increase the risk of fractures. Instead, exercises that promote bone strength and balance are recommended. These include weight-bearing exercises such as walking, hiking, and dancing, as well as resistance exercises like weightlifting or using resistance bands. Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and yoga can also be beneficial. It is important to work with a healthcare provider or certified exercise professional to develop an exercise program that is safe and effective for individuals with osteoporosis. At And The Beat Goes On most of the exercises we complete in our classes, recorded and live are suitable or can be adjusted. It is important that if you are dealing with an additional condition, that you understand those limitations and you make sure that you raise any concerns to your instructor. ATBGO

Yes. Over 95% of people over the age of 75 suffer with osteoarthritis in one joint or another [1]. Usually the knees, hips and the back are most commonly affected. Aerobic exercise as well as resistance training have been shown to help reduce pain and increase function of the affected joints. Exercise is now considered to be one of the best non-pharmacological treatments for osteoarthritis [1]. ​ Alongside this, if you have seen a physio regarding osteoarthritis and have been given some exercises to complete I am more than happy for you to integrate them into a session. Please remember that there is a specific structure to a class so let me know if this is of interest to you and we can discuss how to include these. ​ Reference: 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Adapting Exercise for Particular Groups of Cardiac Clients, Fourth Edition, London

It is important to note that exercise is an essential component of cardiac rehabilitation. However, if you suffer from osteoarthritis in your hips and knees, it is crucial to take care and avoid exercises that may exacerbate your pain or cause further damage to the joints. High-impact exercises such as running, jumping, and plyometrics should be avoided as they can put excessive stress on the joints. Instead, low-impact exercises such as walking, cycling, swimming, and using an elliptical machine are recommended. It is also important to work with your healthcare provider and physical therapist to develop a personalized exercise plan that is safe and effective for your specific needs. They can help you modify exercises or suggest alternate ones to avoid exacerbating your osteoarthritis pain. Remember, the goal is to improve your overall health and well-being while also managing your osteoarthritis pain. So, be sure to communicate with your healthcare provider and follow their recommendations to achieve the best possible outcomes. ATBGO

Again yes, but we may need to adapt our approach a bit. ​ Exercise has been shown to improve aerobic capacity, muscle strength and joint mobility without worsening the condition. Something to consider is to approach exercises new to you very slowly and gently progress from there. If after a session you feel any of the following: ​ - persistent fatigue - Increased muscular weakness - decreased range of motion - increase in swelling to the affected joints [1] ​ It may be a sign we slightly over exerted ourselves (even if we felt comfortable during class with our breathing and fatigue). This would then indicate for us to approach an exercise slower or to make more adjustments which we can discuss as we go. *Top tip - Wearing good footwear can help reduce shock to joints too [1]. ​ Reference: 1. British Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation (BACPR) (2016) Adapting Exercise for Particular Groups of Cardiac Clients, Fourth Edition, London

What is Supraventricular Tachycardia? According to the BHF it is a very fast heart rhythm. Tachycardia is defined as a resting HR of >100bpm. It occurs due to abnormal electrical impulses. [1] When this happens (at random) people can experience: -Chest pain -Feel weak -Feel tired -Sick or are sick ​ It can be triggered by: -Tiredness -Caffeine -Alcohol -Drugs -Sometimes seemingly nothing.. [2] ​ People living with this condition who have experienced the symptoms for many years may have their own techniques of dealing with its onset. Firstly it is important to state that speaking with your primary healthcare practitioner (GP) is your first step if you feel that your condition is worsening or symptoms are worsening or becoming more frequent. ​ For anyone with SVT I wanted to share an interesting article with you here, for an easy to read summary scroll to "Plain language summary" www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7104204 [3]. This article discusses the Valsalva Manoeuvre - it is not something I can recommend trying but it is something that may be interesting for anyone with this condition and may prompt further research / discussion. ​ Ref: 1. BHF. www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/conditions/arrhythmias 2. NHS. www.nhs.uk/conditions/supraventricular-tachycardia-svt 3. National Centre for Biotechnology Information. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Supra Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a type of heart rhythm disorder that occurs when the electrical signals in the heart's upper chambers (atria) misfire. This causes the heart to beat faster than normal, typically at a rate of 100-300 beats per minute. Symptoms of SVT may include palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain, light-headedness, and fainting. SVT can be treated with medication, or in some cases, with procedures such as catheter ablation or cardioversion. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of SVT, as it can lead to more serious heart conditions if left untreated. At And The Beat Goes On, our cardiac rehab program is designed to help individuals manage their heart conditions, including SVT, through exercise, education, and support. ATBGO

SVT or Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a condition where the heart beats faster than normal. It can cause symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, or shortness of breath. Healthcare professionals will ask you questions about your symptoms, medical history, and family history of heart problems. Physical Examination: check your heart rate, blood pressure, and listen to your heart sounds using a stethoscope. Diagnostic Tests: You may be recommended some tests to confirm the diagnosis of SVT. These tests include: - Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can help diagnose SVT. - Holter Monitor: This is a portable ECG device that records your heart activity for 24-48 hours. It can help diagnose SVT that occurs intermittently. - Event Recorder: This is a small device that you can wear for several weeks. It records your heart activity when you experience symptoms of SVT. - Electrophysiological Study (EPS): This test involves threading a thin tube through a blood vessel to your heart. It helps identify the location of abnormal heart tissue that causes SVT and can also treat SVT. ATBGO

SVT or Supraventricular Tachycardia is a condition where your heart beats too fast, and it occurs due to an electrical problem in the heart's upper chambers. Though there can be different triggers for SVT, some common ones include stress, anxiety, caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, and certain medications. To manage SVT triggers, it is essential to keep track of your symptoms and understand what triggers them. Some lifestyle changes that can help include reducing your caffeine and alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and managing stress through relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, and meditation. If you experience frequent episodes of SVT, it's essential to consult with your healthcare provider, who may recommend medications, ablation, or other treatments to manage your condition. ATBGO

SVT (Supraventricular Tachycardia) is a condition where the heart beats faster than normal due to abnormal electrical signals in the heart. While SVT can be uncomfortable and alarming, it is not usually life-threatening. However, if left untreated, it can lead to more serious health problems such as heart failure or stroke. It is important to consult your doctor if you experience any symptoms of SVT, such as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness. With proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with SVT can lead normal, healthy lives. ATBGO

1. Vagal manoeuvres: These are simple techniques that can help slow down your heart rate. They include coughing, bearing down as if having a bowel movement, and placing your face in cold water. 2. Medications: Your doctor may prescribe medications that can help control your heart rate or prevent future episodes of SVT. These may include beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, or antiarrhythmic drugs. 3. Cardioversion: This is a procedure that can restore your normal heart rhythm using an electrical shock. 4. Catheter ablation: This is a minimally invasive procedure that can cure SVT in many patients. It involves inserting a catheter through a vein in your leg and using heat or cold energy to destroy the abnormal tissue causing the rapid heart rate. Your treatment plan will be personalized to your individual needs and medical history. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your progress. ATBGO

AF (Atrial Fibrillation) and SVT (SupraVentricular Tachycardia) are two types of arrhythmias that affect the heart's rhythm. AF is a condition where the heart's upper chambers (atria) beat irregularly and rapidly, causing blood to pool in the atria and increasing the risk of blood clots. Symptoms may include palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. SVT is a type of arrhythmia where the heart beats very fast due to an abnormal electrical impulse in the heart's upper chambers. Symptoms may include a rapid heartbeat, chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. The main difference between AF and SVT is the location of the abnormal electrical impulse. In AF, the abnormal impulse originates in the atria, while in SVT, the impulse originates in the AV node or the atria. Treatment for AF and SVT may differ and depend on the severity of the condition. It is important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Both conditions could benefit from cardiac rehabilitation and if you are not referred to a program but you feel you would benefit you can ask your doctor if you are eligible to a hospital based (phase III) program. If not, there is no reason why you cannot get in touch with a phase IV instructor who will run similar classes in the community or online. ATBGO

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a heart condition that causes a rapid heartbeat. It is not always hereditary, but there is a genetic component to some types of SVT. Inherited conditions such as familial atrial fibrillation, familial Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and other genetic mutations have all been linked to SVT. However, many cases of SVT are not related to genetics and are instead caused by underlying medical conditions, such as heart disease or thyroid problems. At And The Beat Goes On, our cardiac rehab team is equipped to help you manage your SVT through exercise, lifestyle changes, and medication management. We work to ensure a personalized treatment plan that addresses your unique needs and helps you achieve optimal heart health. ATBGO

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a type of arrhythmia that affects the heart's upper chambers. It's a relatively common condition that can cause symptoms like palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. While SVT itself is not usually life-threatening, it can increase the risk of certain cardiac events. One example is atrial fibrillation (AFib), which is a type of irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, and heart failure. AFib is more common in people with SVT than in the general population, and studies have shown that the risk of stroke is higher in those who have both conditions. Other cardiac conditions that may be associated with SVT include hypertension, coronary artery disease, and valve disorders. However, the relationship between these conditions and SVT is not fully understood and more research is needed. If you have been diagnosed with SVT, it's important to work closely with your healthcare provider to manage your condition and reduce your risk of cardiac events. This may include taking medications, making lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and exercising regularly, and undergoing procedures like catheter ablation to correct the arrhythmia. At And The Beat Goes On, our cardiac rehab program is designed to help people with SVT and other cardiac conditions improve their heart health and reduce their risk of complications with subtle lifestyle adjustments and monitoring of symptoms whilst attending any program. ATBGO

SVT, or supraventricular tachycardia, is a type of arrhythmia that originates from the upper chambers of the heart, known as the atria. This is different from other arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, which originate from the lower chambers of the heart, known as the ventricles. SVT is typically characterized by a rapid heart rate, often greater than 100 beats per minute, and can cause symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Treatment options for SVT may include medications, catheter ablation, or other interventions depending on the severity and frequency of the episodes. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you are experiencing symptoms of SVT or any other type of arrhythmia. ATBGO

Supervised exercise is generally safe for individuals with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) who have been cleared by their healthcare provider to participate in cardiac rehabilitation. However, it is important to work with a cardiac rehab team who can monitor your heart rate and rhythm during exercise to ensure your safety. Your rehab team will also tailor an exercise program that is appropriate for your individual needs and medical history. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions with your healthcare provider before starting an exercise program. ATBGO

It depends - but if you're here because of your heart, I would suggest here: ​ https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/the-eatwell-guide/ ​ Like many things. Between the BHF and NHS we have great information available to us. This link is interactive which allows us to look areas of our diet in more detail. ​ Some key things to consider: ​ Portion size - a lot of us overeat nowadays. Eat slowly and try drinking water in between meal times when you're feeling peckish, more often than not your appetite will soon be eased and you may not reach for the biscuit tin! ​ Alcohol - Empty calories. Anywhere we can remove liquid calories, essentially any liquid from the diet that isn't water you'll be reducing calories and shifting the scales the other way. ​ Fat - Types of fat and where saturated fat is in your diet. You'll usually be recommnended to switch out foods like butter for alternative "mono" & "poly" unsatuated fats like olive oil spreads. ​ Red / Processed meats - Generally higher in Saturated fats and salt. Keep these to one or two days a week. ​ Don't "diet"! - Do it properly, small sustainable changes. If this is the approach you won't expect mega swings either direction for your weight, just a slow and steady compounding effect of a healthier more sensible diet coupled of course with some exercise - maybe some of the ATBGO videos, or online classes or simply more walking. ATBGO

Where can I find great cardio protective dietary advice and recipes to help me make suitable changes to my diet? At And The Beat Goes On, we understand that making lifestyle changes can be daunting, especially when it comes to your diet. That's why we provide our clients with access to a wealth of resources that can help them make informed decisions about their food choices. One great resource for cardio protective dietary advice and recipes is our very own website. We regularly post articles and recipes that are designed to help our clients make healthy, delicious meals that support their heart health. Additionally, we recommend exploring the following websites for healthy recipes and dietary content that are certified, peer reviewed, and respected: 1. American Heart Association: The AHA's website offers a wealth of information on heart-healthy eating, including recipes, grocery shopping tips, and meal planning advice. 2. Mayo Clinic: The Mayo Clinic's website provides evidence-based information on nutrition and healthy eating, as well as a variety of healthy recipes. 3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: The NHLBI's website includes information on heart-healthy eating patterns, as well as recipes and meal planning tips. 4. Harvard Health: The Harvard Health website offers a variety of resources on healthy eating, including recipes and tips for incorporating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your diet. 5. EatingWell: EatingWell is a website dedicated to healthy eating, with a focus on whole, minimally processed foods. They offer a variety of recipes that are both delicious and good for you. 6. The British Heart Foundation (BHF). Provides a lot of information on all things heart related including dietary information. ATBGO

Red meat, such as beef, pork, and lamb, contains high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of developing heart disease or worsening the condition in those who already have it. This is because high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol can lead to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals with heart disease limit their consumption of red meat and opt for lean protein sources, such as fish, poultry, legumes, and nuts, instead. Additionally, incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products into your diet can also help improve heart health. Treat these guidelines as guidelines! Don't let them spoil your enjoyment of food, just be aware that there are healthier choices on a daily basis you can make... ATBGO

Red meat, such as beef, pork, and lamb, contains high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase the risk of developing heart disease or worsening the condition in those who already have it. This is because high levels of saturated fat and cholesterol can lead to the build-up of plaque in the arteries, which can restrict blood flow and increase the risk of heart attack or stroke. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals with heart disease limit their consumption of red meat and opt for lean protein sources, such as fish, poultry, legumes, and nuts, instead. Additionally, incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products into your diet can also help improve heart health. Treat these guidelines as guidelines! Don't let them spoil your enjoyment of food, just be aware that there are healthier choices on a daily basis you can make... ATBGO

Consuming alcohol can have negative effects on your heart health, especially if you have a heart condition. The American Heart Association recommends limiting alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day for women and no more than two drinks per day for men. In the UK <14 units for both men and women is recommended with at least 2-3 days alcohol free days. However, it's important to consult with your healthcare provider before consuming any alcohol while taking medications for your heart condition. Certain medications can interact negatively with alcohol, increasing the risk of side effects and complications, an example of this is warfarin and other anti coagulant (often taken by people who have had a mechanical valve procedure among other things). Your healthcare provider can provide personalized guidance on safe alcohol consumption based on your specific medical history and current medications. ATBGO

It is recommended that patients wait for at least 4-6 weeks before returning to driving after a myocardial infarction. However, it is important to consult with your doctor before getting behind the wheel again. They will be able to assess your individual situation and advise you on when it is safe for you to start driving again. Is there a good resource in the UK I can use to read the information? Yes, the UK government's website has a helpful page on driving after a heart attack. It provides detailed information on when it is safe to start driving again, what to do if you experience symptoms while driving, and how to inform the DVLA (Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency) about your condition. You can find info on this and on many conditions via the link below. If in doubt, ask your GP. https://www.gov.uk/health-conditions-and-driving/find-condition-a-to-z ATBGO

What are the UK targets for cholesterol and triglycerides for the general population and for those with established Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) or Coronary Heart Disease CHD? Can you express the figures as mmol units as well as European units too? For the general population, the UK target for total cholesterol is below 5 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL, while the target for LDL cholesterol is below 3 mmol/L or 116 mg/dL. The target for HDL cholesterol is above 1 mmol/L or 40 mg/dL, and the target for triglycerides is below 2.3 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL. For those with established Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) or Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), the UK targets are more aggressive. The target for total cholesterol is below 4 mmol/L or 155 mg/dL, while the target for LDL cholesterol is below 1.8 mmol/L or 70 mg/dL. The target for HDL cholesterol is above 1 mmol/L or 40 mg/dL, and the target for triglycerides is below 1.7 mmol/L or 150 mg/dL. In European units, the targets for total cholesterol are below 5.0 mmol/L or 193 mg/dL for the general population, and below 4.0 mmol/L or 154 mg/dL for those with ACS or CHD. The targets for LDL cholesterol are below 3.0 mmol/L or 116 mg/dL for the general population, and below 1.8 mmol/L or 70 mg/dL for those with ACS or CHD. The targets for HDL cholesterol are above 1.0 mmol/L or 40 mg/dL, and the targets for triglycerides are below 2.3 mmol/L or 200 mg/dL for the general population, and below 1.7 mmol/L or 150 mg/dL for those with ACS or CHD. It's important to note that these targets may differ depending on individual factors, such as age, gender, and overall health status. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine your specific cholesterol and triglyceride targets.

Cholesterol and triglycerides are both types of lipids (fats) that circulate in your blood. However, they have different functions and can have different effects on your health. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is important for the structure and function of cell membranes, as well as for the production of certain hormones and vitamin D. There are two main types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it can contribute to the buildup of plaque in your arteries, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from your bloodstream. Triglycerides are a type of fat that your body uses for energy. When you eat more calories than your body needs, the excess calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in your fat cells. High levels of triglycerides in your blood can be a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. In general, a healthy diet and lifestyle can help keep your cholesterol and triglyceride levels within a healthy range. Your healthcare provider may also recommend medication to help manage your cholesterol and triglyceride levels if needed. ATBGO

Typically in the USA and Europe mg/dL is used to express your cholesterol levels. In the UK we use mmol/L. Don't worry, there is a way to convert reliably - see below for some simple maths! The conversion factor for cholesterol is 0.0259, which means to convert your cholesterol level from mg/dL to mmol/L, you need to divide your result by 38.67. For example, if your cholesterol level is 200 mg/dL, the conversion to mmol/L would be 5.17 mmol/L (200/38.67). The conversion factor for triglycerides is 0.0113, which means to convert your triglyceride level from mg/dL to mmol/L, you need to divide your result by 88.57. For example, if your triglyceride level is 150 mg/dL, the conversion to mmol/L would be 1.69 mmol/L (150/88.57). It's important to note that different countries may use different units of measurement for cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Always consult with your healthcare provider to ensure you are interpreting your results accurately. Ideally in the UK if you have established CHD we want to be aiming for a more tightly controlled blood lipid profile. - Total Cholesterol: <4 mmol/L or 155 mg/dL - LDL: <1.8 mmol/L or 70 mg/dL - HDL <1.55 mmol/L or 60mg/dL - Triglycerides: < 1.7 mmol/L or 150 mg/dL For more info on this check out _ATBGO_ twitter where we share reliably sourced information on CVD and other chronic diseases and health/well-being tools. Remember that the British Heart Foundation and the American Heart Foundation are two very good places to start on learning more about your condition. ATBGO

Reducing cholesterol levels and triglycerides is essential to maintain a healthy heart. Here are some steps you can take to lower your cholesterol levels and triglycerides: 1. Eat a healthy diet: Avoid foods that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol, such as red meat, full-fat dairy products, and fried foods. Instead, opt for a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. 2. Exercise regularly: Regular physical activity can help you maintain a healthy weight and lower your cholesterol levels and triglycerides. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk walking, most days of the week. For this you really need to be setting aside 50 minutes in total for each effort as we recommend a 10 minute warm-up (at least) and a 10 minute cool-down either side to bring some structure for safe and effective exercise. 3. Quit smoking: Smoking damages your blood vessels, making it harder for your body to regulate cholesterol levels. Quitting smoking can help you lower your cholesterol levels and improve your overall heart health. Recent research suggests that for the short to medium term vaping is a great way to reduce the negative effects of smoking. If you go this route it is important to refrain from even the odd cigarette and use the nicotine needed to calm your cravings working slowly down. Your GP / Doctor will be able to advise the right steps and organisations that can provide support and advice on this front. 4. Take medications: If lifestyle changes are not enough to lower your cholesterol levels and triglycerides, your doctor may prescribe medication to help. Statins are commonly prescribed to lower cholesterol levels, while fibrates and fish oil supplements can help lower triglyceride levels. ATBGO

TIA stands for Transient Ischemic Attack. It is a mini-stroke that occurs when there is a temporary disruption of blood flow to a part of the brain. This disruption can cause symptoms similar to those of a full stroke, but they usually last only a few minutes to a few hours. How does it present? The symptoms of a TIA can vary depending on which part of the brain is affected. Some of the most common symptoms include weakness or numbness on one side of the body, slurred speech, blurred vision, and difficulty with balance or coordination. If I have been told that I have had a TIA, what can I expect in the weeks afterwards? After a TIA, it is important to seek medical attention right away to prevent a full stroke from occurring. Your doctor may recommend medication to prevent blood clots or other treatments to help manage your symptoms. Can I still drive, and can I still exercise? UK guidelines state that you should not drive for at least one month after a TIA. You should also avoid any strenuous exercise until your doctor gives you the all-clear. Your doctor may recommend a cardiac rehabilitation program to help you regain your strength and improve your overall health after a TIA. If you have any questions or concerns about your TIA and your recovery, please speak with your doctor or a member of our cardiac rehab team. We are here to support you every step of the way. ATBGO

You must stop driving for at least 1 month after a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. This includes amaurosis fugax or retinal artery fugax. You can restart only when your doctor tells you it is safe - DVLA Ref: https://www.gov.uk/transient-ischaemic-attacks-and-driving

A carotid stenosis is a narrowing of the carotid arteries that supply blood to the brain. It is thought to be best to approach this condition through a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical interventions. In cases where the stenosis is severe, a surgical procedure called carotid endarterectomy may be recommended. This involves removing the plaque buildup in the carotid artery and improving blood flow to the brain. Another procedure called carotid artery stenting may also be an option, which involves inserting a small metal mesh tube (stent) into the narrowed artery to hold it open and improve blood flow. Both procedures have risks and limitations, and our team will work closely with you to determine the best course of action based on your individual needs and medical history. Recovery times and limitations will vary depending on the procedure and your individual circumstances, but our cardiac rehab team will provide you with all the necessary information and support to ensure a smooth recovery. ATBGO

What are the UK guidelines for those with diabetes? If I have diabetes is there a suggested approach to when I should exercise and where my blood glucose should be before, during and after an exercise class? The UK guidelines for people with diabetes recommend 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider before starting any exercise program. For those with diabetes, it is recommended to check blood glucose levels before, during, and after exercise. Aim to have your blood glucose levels between 5-10 mmol/L before starting exercise. During exercise, it is important to monitor your glucose levels and adjust your exercise intensity or carbohydrate intake if necessary. After exercise, aim to have your blood glucose levels in the range of 5-12 mmol/L. It is also important to have a snack or meal containing carbohydrates before exercise if your blood glucose levels are below 5 mmol/L. Additionally, if you are taking insulin or other diabetes medications, it is important to discuss with your healthcare provider how to adjust your medication dosage around exercise. *If your Blood Glucose (BG) has been unstable for some time and you are aware it heavily fluctuates this should be resolved before starting any structured exercise program. Please bring this to the attention of your GP or your exercise instructor! ATBGO

Yes, diabetes is considered a precursor to coronary heart disease. Individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk for developing heart disease due to the damage high blood sugar can cause to the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart. Managing diabetes through lifestyle changes and medication can help reduce this risk. ATBGO

There are various devices available to help treat heart disease and support the heart's function. Here are some of the most commonly used devices: 1. Pacemakers: These are small devices that are implanted under the skin of the chest to help regulate the heartbeat. They send electrical impulses to the heart to make it beat at a regular pace. 2. Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICDs): These are similar to pacemakers, but they are designed to detect and correct abnormal heart rhythms that can be life-threatening. 3. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) Devices: These are used to treat heart failure by sending electrical signals to the heart to help it beat more efficiently. 4. Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Devices: These are used to repair or replace damaged heart valves. For more in depth descriptions of these devices and more visit the British Heart Foundation (BHF). ATBGO

Yes, having a pacemaker fitted does not automatically disqualify you from participating in cardiac rehabilitation. In fact, cardiac rehabilitation can be particularly beneficial for those with pacemakers as it can help improve overall heart health and reduce the risk of future heart problems. However, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider and cardiac rehabilitation team to ensure that the program is tailored to your specific needs and limitations. They will work with you to ensure that the exercises and activities are safe and appropriate for your condition. *If you have any type of heart condition but do not hear about cardiac rehabilitation it may be worth mentioning to your GP and explain that you are interested. If you are indeed eligible you may be able to attend an 8 week hospital program. ATBGO

Yes, it is safe for individuals with pacemakers, ICDs, CRT-D/Ps to pass through airport scanners. According to the American College of Cardiology, these devices are designed to withstand the electromagnetic fields generated by airport scanners and will not be affected by them. However, it is recommended to inform the security personnel about your device before passing through the scanner and to avoid standing too close to the metal detector. As for convection cookers and other household appliances, they are unlikely to interfere with your device. However, it is still advisable to keep a safe distance and follow the manufacturer's instructions. It is also recommended to avoid placing your device directly over the appliance. If you have any concerns or questions about your device, please consult with your doctor or device manufacturer. ATBGO